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Studies in knockout mice have demonstrated an important role of the FOXP2 transcription factor in the development of vocalizations. Recent sequence comparisons of the FOXP2 gene in Neanderthals and modern humans show that while the DNA sequence may be different, the protein sequence it codes for is identical. Which of the following conclusions might logically be inferred from this information?
A) There was a problem with the experiment because different DNA sequences cannot result in the same protein sequence.
B) The differences in DNA sequence support the hypothesis that Neanderthals were primitive beings that could only grunt.
C) Human and Neanderthal vocalizations may have been more similar than previously thought.
D) The experiments in mice demonstrating the function of the FOXP2 gene are not relevant to humans and Neanderthals because they are not primates.

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Answer:C) Human and Neanderthal vocalizations may have been more similar than previously thought

Explanation:

This educated guess is gotten fro. The statement - " ...the protein sequence it codes for is identical".

This logical conclusion or inference as it were is extracted from proof/evidence stated in the text and reasoning (implying its meaning).

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The conclusion that might be inferred from this information is human and Neanderthal vocalizations may have been more similar than previously thought (Option C).

  • During gene transcription, a fragment of DNA referred to as 'gene' is used to create a complementary mRNA, which is then used as a template to create a protein by a process called 'translation'.

  • The triplets of nucleotides or 'codons' in mRNA determine specific amino acids that will be added to the nascent polypeptide chain during translation.

  • These are 64 nucleotides, 61 of which encode only 20 amino acids, while the remaining three codons indicate stop signals (stop codons).

  • The genetic code is said to be redundant because different codons can encode the same amino acid, these codons are called 'synonymous codons'.

  • Therefore, differences in the order of nucleotides in DNA and subsequently in non-synonymous codons in mRNA largely determine the type and order of amino acids of the resulting protein.

In conclusion, the outcome that might be inferred from this information is human and Neanderthal vocalizations may have been more similar than previously thought (Option C).

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