Answer: (D) The spread of intellectual and political debates informed by Enlightenment ideas
Explanation:
The disputes over women’s rights alluded to in the letter best reflect the spread of intellectual and political debates informed by Enlightenment ideas.
In the late-nineteenth-century, thinkers and academicians throughout the Middle East and North Africa began a process of thinking and reflection about the causes of their state of development while the West witnessed considerable technological progress and economic growth. In his 1899 essay Tahrir al mara‘a (The Liberation of Women), the Egyptian philosopher Qasim Amin recognized that women were the foundation of society and saw the causes of Egyptian poverty in women’s lack of education, the veiling, and their obedience to men. He proposed a plan to reform the condition of women in Muslim societies: joining hands with emerging women’s associations, he began to advocate that elevating the status of women in Muslim societies was a nationalistic necessity and duty.
Therefore, the disputes over women’s rights alluded to in the letter best reflect D) The spread of intellectual and political debates informed by Enlightenment ideas.
