The penumbra in US constitutional law refers to a group of rights derived by implication from other rights explicitly protected in the Bill of Rights.Hence option A is correct.
Commentators disagree on when the term "penumbra" first appeared in American legal scholarship, but most believe it was in the late 1800s.
These rights were identified through a process of "reasoning-by-interpolation," in which specific principles are recognized from "general idea[s]" expressly stated in other constitutional provisions.
Although researchers have traced the term's origins back to the nineteenth century, the term first gained widespread popularity in 1965, when Justice William O. Douglas' majority opinion in Griswold v. Connecticut identified a right to privacy in the constitution's penumbra.
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# SPJ 1
