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The network id of the IP address 172.19.48.16 with subnet mask 255.255.240.0 is 172.19.48.0. Subnetting is a technique used by the organization to divide the assigned address space into smaller allocations for each subnetwork inside the organization.
Based on the probable number of networks and hosts, or endpoints, that enterprises may need, ISPs assign IP address ranges to organizations. The Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) assignment mechanism is used today for allotments. Subnetting causes a drop in the number of useable host IP addresses while increasing the number of subnetworks. The term "IP subnet" refers to each subnetwork.
As part of the process to choose which interface to utilize to forward packets to their destination, routers compute the subnet address. An address and its mask are combined in this process via a binary AND operation. The subnet prefix, which eliminates all of the host bits, is the outcome. The routing table item with the longest match, or the default route, is found by the router using the network prefix. The interface linked to the best match prefix is used to forward the packet out.
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