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Sulfonamides action within the bacterium is to inhibit production of folic acid this results in decreased synthesis of nucleic acid, which leads to the death of the bacterium.

The sulfonamides are a group of synthetic antimicrobial agents that are structural analogs of para- aminobenzoic acid (PABA). They are competitive inhibitors of folic acid metabolism. The sulfonamides are well-absorbed orally and excreted mainly in the urine. While they were originally broad spectrum agents, a significant amount of resistance has developed to them during the past 60 years of use.

Today sulfonamides are commonly used in combination with other antimicrobial agents. As monotherapy, they are used mostly to treat simple, acute urinary tract infections. Side effects include hypersensitivity reactions and modifications of the hematopoietic system. Although renal damage due to deposition in kidney of drug crystals was common with the less soluble sulfonamides, newer, more soluble agents are less likely to precipitate.

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