The width, depth, and velocity of the stream often rise along with the discharge. Position in the stream channel, abnormalities in the stream channel brought on by resistive rock, and stream gradient all affect a stream's velocity. Water near channel edges is slowed by friction.
Flooding happens when a river's discharge exceeds the volume of its channel, causing the river to overflow into the floodplain, the region next to the channel. Several things can cause the discharge to increase. The most frequent reason for floods is heavy rain. Long periods of rain cause the soil to get saturated and lose its ability to retain water, increasing surface drainage. Floods and higher discharge levels will result from rainwater entering the river much more quickly than it would if the land weren't saturated.
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