During replication, the helicase DNA uses energy from ATP to separate the two strands. This generates additional coiling ahead of the replication fork that is alleviated by another enzyme topoisomerase called DNA.
Enzymes called helicases bind to nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes and may even alter them. Helicases exist for both DNA and RNA. DNA helicases are necessary for DNA replication because they convert double-stranded DNA into single strands, enabling the replication of each strand individually.
The enzyme DNA helicase goes along the DNA strands and breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases, unwinding or unzipping the DNA and separating the two strands.
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