Congress enacted a number of laws following the Civil War to safeguard individual rights from state interference. The Fourteenth Amendment was one of them, and it says that states can't take away "any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law."
“All persons born or naturalized in the United States,” a major provision of the 14th Amendment, gave citizenship to people who had been enslaved in the past.
Congress has the discretion to adopt remedial measures, such as authorizing individuals who have been denied their civil rights in state courts to move their cases to federal courts7 and providing criminal8 and civil9 liability, in order to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantees against state denials through appropriate legislation.
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