The proteins that establish ionic gradients are called active transporters.
So, option (a) is correct.
- An example of a transport protein is a channel protein, which functions as a pore in the membrane to allow water molecules or tiny ions to pass through fast.
- Although they can also undertake passive transport, carrier proteins can perform active transport. For instance, valinomycin passively moves potassium down its gradient of concentration. Because it is extremely selective and solely transports potassium ions, it is utilised in place of a channel.
- The sodium potassium pump is a prime illustration of a carrier protein. Three sodium ions are removed from the cell and two potassium ions are brought into the cell using this carrier protein and ATP.
To learn more about active transporters.
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