While moving over a separate electric field line, however, has a non-zero value. If the test charge is transferred in a direction perpendicular to E, no work is done and the electric potential does not change. A smooth equipotential surface characterizes every such path.
Generally, The equation of the potential difference is mathematically given as
[tex]V = Ed cos \theta.[/tex]
Where
[tex]\theta=Angle[/tex]
E=electric field
d= the varing distance
When the charge to be tested is transferred via an electric field line. Since =0, the maximum possible velocity (Vmax) is calculated.
In conclusion, Since no work is done when the test charge is shifted in a direction perpendicular to E, the electric potential does not shift in this case. Any such route is a smooth equipotential surface.
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