c. All of these. The parasympathetic nervous system satisfies all the options.
The parasympathetic nervous system is a branch of the nervous system that largely regulates visceral organs like glands. One of the two antagonistic sets of nerves that make up the autonomic nervous system is the parasympathetic nervous system; the other set consists of the sympathetic nervous system. Contrary to the sympathetic system, which triggers the so-called fight-or-flight response, the parasympathetic system does not play a major role in the maintenance of life. The cranial nerves, particularly the vagus nerve, and the lumbar spinal nerves make up the nerve fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system. These nerves cause the pulse to slow down and the digestive secretions to increase when activated.
The parasympathetic nervous system dominates in quiet, relaxed situations and has long preganglionic fibers that end on terminal ganglia, which lie in or near the effector organ . It also releases a postganglionic neurotransmitter that binds with muscarinic receptors.
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