Silvia and her brother Clyde make a code of rules they have to follow together. The rules are as follows: I) If Silvia bakes a cake, then Clyde can eat as much of it as he wants. II) Silvia and Clyde can only go to movies they are both interested in seeing. III) Every time Clyde borrows Silvia's car, he must put some gas in it. Silvia must do the same when she borrows Clyde's motorcycle. IV) If Clyde makes a cobbler, Silvia can eat as much of it as she wants. Which ethical philosophies are represented in these rules?

Kantianism is the ethical theory put forward by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) in the 18th century. According to him, the morality of an action is not based on its consequences.

Hence, this theory belongs to deontological moral theories. Deontology or deontological theories are those that focus on ethics involving responsibility, moral duty, and commitment. Kant postulated this theory to give ethical guidelines to people when making ethical decisions or actions.

What is Utilitarianism?

Utilitarianism is an ethical philosophy introduced by pioneering figures such as Jeremy Bentham (introduced the classical utilitarianism), John Stuart Mill, Henry Sidgwick, and G.E Moore. Utilitarianism is based on the principle of utility, which emphasizes on the idea of being more useful and beneficial for a majority.

Also, this theory was developed as a result of an attempt to direct the lawmakers of England to consider the common good rather than the welfare of their social class when formulating laws.

Kantianism and Utilitarianism are ethical philosophies that give moral guidance to individual actions and decisions. Both of these theories were introduced during the 18th century. However, these two diverge in their focus. Accordingly, the main difference between Kantianism and Utilitarianism is that Kantianism is a deontological moral theory whereas utilitarianism is a teleological moral theory.

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