The data shows that the countries in question are at e. Stage five of the demographic transition model due to very low birth rates.
The Demographic Transition Model shows how the population tendencies of a nation will change as it develops. The stages are:
- Stage 1 - Birth rates and death rates are similar. Life expectancy is low.
- Stage 2 - Death rate fall and life expectancy begins to rise
- Stage 3 - Birth rate falls and equals death rate. Life expectancy continues to rise
- Stage 4 - Birth and death rates are similar but both low.
- Stage 5 - Life expectancy is quite high and birth rates are very low
From the data shown, all the countries are experiencing very high life expectancies which means that they must be in stage 4 or 5.
We can therefore conclude based on the options that they are in stage 5 where birth rates are quite low and life expectancy is high.
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Options for this question include:
a. High youth dependency ratio and a lack of economic resources to provide for large families
b. Rapid population growth in cities as people migrate from rural to urban areas for industrial jobs
c. Shortage of arable land on which to raise crops and other food products to support the population
d. Unstable food supply due to a rapidly growing population
e. Stage five of the demographic transition model due to very low birth rates
