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The Inca and Aztec empires were heavily impacted by European exploration and colonization. The first impact was that when Europeans reached the Americas, the Incas and Aztecs were conquered which killed thousands of them and enslaved the ones that survived.
Both the Aztec and the Inca empires were conquered by Spanish conquistadors; the Aztec Empire was conquered by Cortés, and the Inca Empire was defeated by Pizarro. The Spanish had an advantage over native peoples because the former had guns, cannons, and horses.
Mesoamerica explorations
The term Mesoamerica was first used by Paul Kirchoff, a German-Mexican archaeologist who coined the term in 1943 and was instrumental in defining it. His definition was based on geographic limits, ethnic composition, and cultural characteristics at the time of the conquest.
What changed after Mesoamerica exploration?
The three most dominant and advanced civilizations that developed in the Americas prior to the arrival of the Europeans were the Aztecs, the Maya, and the Inca.
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