Answer:
1. ghazis
2. Shi'a
3. Janissaries
4. Byzantine
5. protection or religious freedom
6. Sufism
7. Ismail
8. Akbar
9. All three empires were ruled by Muslims, but they contained large populations of non-Muslims. Trade was the backbone of the economies in all three empires. All three empires were conquered by force by ambitious young men. At some point in all three places, religious tolerance was practiced. A mix of good and bad leaders ruled in all three empires, and all declined eventually.
10. There were many differences as well: the Mughals mostly ruled over Hindus, whereas the populations in the Safavid and Ottoman empires were mostly Muslim. In the Safavid Empire, Shi'ism was the official religion. The Mughals had a more difficult time maintaining control, as local lords had less loyalty and established their own kingdoms. The Safavids largely declined due to internal strife, and the Ottomans declined largely due to outside threats.
11. There are many reasons why rulers may have been motivated to adopt a policy of religious tolerance. First, all three empires were very large and contained people from many different religious backgrounds. Therefore, in order to maintain peace and rule over a diverse population, tolerance was a wise policy. Second, they all relied on trade to create wealth. They controlled important trading routes that connected people of various religious beliefs, and it was better to have a diverse citizenry to encourage trade with other peoples. Third, the practice of religious tolerance has roots in the Quran. It was an established practice among Muslim leaders.
Explanation:
1. Many Anatolian Turks saw themselves as warriors or fighters for Islam called ghazis.
2. The Safavids converted from Sunni to Shi'a Islam.
3. Elite Ottoman troops that consisted of captured Christian slaves were called Janissaries.
4. The city of Constantinople belonged to the Byzantine Empire before the Ottomans captured it.
5. In exchange for special taxes that non-Muslims paid, they were given protection or religious freedom by their rulers.
6. Sufism is a mystical form of Islam that emphasizes the inward search for God and denies materialism and worldly pursuits.
7. The leader Ismail was a religious extremist; he mandated that all in the Safavid Empire must practice Shi'a Islam.
8. The ruler Akbar was seen as a liberal and wise ruler in the Mughal Empire.
9. All Muslim empires were ruled based on Islamic law. Most of the empire had a non-muslim population for whom they collected taxes. Trade and economy were strong in these empires. They expanded their empire with conquest. They were different in some way according to their religious tolerance.
10. A policy of religious tolerance followed in every empire. The reason was to control the non-Muslim population. To maintain peace and rule over a diverse population policies is implemented. The practice of religious tolerance became recognized among Muslim leaders.
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