Answer:
1. Reinforcement is when a reward is given or a bad stimulus is removed to make a specific behavior increase in frequency. A punishment is the addition of an unwanted event or the removal of a wanted stimulus in order to decrease a specific behavior.
2. Positive reinforcement is when a reward is added to increase a behavior, like giving a reward for returning a lost wallet. Negative reinforcement is when you remove an unwanted stimulus, like not nagging a child when they do their chores. Positive punishment is when you add an unwanted stimulus to stop the behavior, like spanking a child when they're bad. A negative punishment is when you remove a wanted stimulus, like taking away video games when the student hasn't done their homework..
Explanation: