Instructions:Select the correct text in the passage.

In 1588, Queen Elizabeth I made a speech to encourage her soldiers to fight the Spanish Armada. In this excerpt from "Speech to the Troops at Tilbury," which line demonstrates Queen Elizabeth's use of ethos to appeal to her soldiers' sense of duty?

We have been persuaded by some that are careful of our safety, to take heed how we commit ourselves to armed multitudes, for fear of treachery; but I assure you I do not desire to live to distrust my faithful and loving people. Let tyrants fear, I have always so behaved myself that, under
God, I have placed my chiefest strength and safeguard in the loyal hearts and good-will of my subjects; and therefore I am come amongst you, as you see, at this time, not for my recreation and disport, but being resolved, in the midst and heat of the battle, to live and die amongst you all; to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom, and my people, my honor and my blood, even in the dust. I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too, and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realm; to which rather than any dishonor shall grow by me, I myself will take up arms, I myself will be your general, judge, and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field. I know already, for your forwardness you have deserved rewards and crowns; and We do assure you in the word of a prince, they shall be duly paid you. In the mean time, my lieutenant general shall be in my stead, than whom never prince commanded a more noble or worthy subject; not doubting but by your obedience to my general, by your concord in the camp, and your valor in the field, we shall shortly have a famous victory over those enemies of my God, of my kingdom, and of my people.

Queen Elizabeth’s use of ethos is not only verbal but physical: she starts by reducing the distance between her royal persona and her soldiers by means of starting with a statement of the reciprocal love that reigns (pun intended) between her and her people. Because of such love, this relationship is a relationship of trust, courage and proximity as she declares her intentions of dying with her soldiers if need be. She then uses a literary device called conceptual chiasmus, in which the orator makes a statement in a first sentence and then reverses it in the second sentence, when she says:

“I know I have the body of a weak, feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king”

By saying that she is accomplishing a twofold purpose, she is not only asserting her superior strength as an English monarch to Spaniards, she is also asserting her royal authority over her subjects and her refusal to be predetermined in terms of moral and emotional strength by her gender.

Her choice of clothing has the exact same purpose and effect. She is dressed in a white velvet gown, covered by a cuirass and her head covered by a metal helmet. The clothing choice stresses her perfectly balanced duality as the velvet gown represents her feminine part and her cuirass her masculine part. Furthermore, as an educated Renaissance noblewoman her appearance is reminiscent of Greek mythology as she ressembles Pallas Athena, the Greek goddess of war.

In other words, she is the embodiment of England and conveys to the soldiers that each one of them is also the embodiment of England if they have the heart of a King. The ethos of the bravery of the English people transcends gender and class lines.