Answer:
a. phishing.
Explanation:
According to my research on information technology and cyber-crimes, I can say that based on the information provided within the question this e-mail was an example of phishing. This is a cyber-crime where an individual receives an e-mail, phone call, or text message claiming to be an official authoritative agency in order to trick the individual into releasing private and personal information that they can steal. Which is what is happening to Ivanov by receiving the fake e-mail, if he would have entered in his account information that info would have gone to the people who created the cyber attack.
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