For something to be a function, one input(x value) can only have ONE output(y value).
If an input has more than one output, it is not a function.
A.) This is a function because each input has only one output
B.) This is not a function because 2 and 3 have two outputs
C.) This is not a function because 4 has two outputs
D.) This is not a function because 8 has two outputs