Define the terms below: Hypothesis, Independent variable, Dependent variable, Controlled (control) variable, Randomized trial, Double-blind study. Explain how the independent variable relates to the dependent variable in an experiment. Explain how a controlled (control) variable is different from an independent variable. Define correlation as it relates to an observation. Provide an example of data results where there is a correlation between the variables. Define causality as it relates to experimental design and experimental results. Define in your own words and use the terms independent variable and dependent variable as part of your definition. Provide an example of data results where there is a causal relationship between the variables in an experiment. True or false: A hypothesis statement does not need to mention the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Explain the reasoning for your answer. For each of the three nutrition research scenarios below, provide the following information: (i) State the purpose of the study. (ii) State the hypothesis. Explain what information you used to come up with a hypothesis statement. (iii) State the variables in the scenario. What are the independent, dependent, and controlled (control) variables? (iv) Is this a double-blind study? (v) Imagine that you conducted the experiment to test your hypothesis. Provide hypothetical results from the experiment (i.e., hypothetical data for the dependent variable). Do your hypothetical results support the hypothesis? Explain your answer.

A weightlifter reads about a new supplement that increases the size of muscles in less than one month. He wants to see if it actually works, so he designs the following experiment with his friends. He divides them into two groups of five. Before the experiment begins, he takes their weight and measures their major muscle groups. One group is given the supplement with water once a day after dinner for a month. The other group is given a placebo with water once a day after dinner for a month. Each group eats the same meals three times a day and works out the same way daily at the gym. The ages of the individuals vary from 20-50. Some are men and others are women. At the end of the month, the weightlifter weighs his friends and measures their major muscle groups again.

(i) State the purpose of the study.
(ii) State the hypothesis. Explain what information you used to create a hypothesis statement.
(iii) State the variables in the scenario. What are the independent, dependent, and controlled (control) variables?
(iv) Is this a double-blind study? Explain your reasoning.
(v) Imagine that you conducted the experiment to test the hypothesis. Provide hypothetical results from the experiment (i.e., hypothetical data for the dependent variable). Do your hypothetical results support the hypothesis? Explain your answer.