You work for a company that makes maple syrup. The process involves boiling maple sap (model as
water) to remove the excess water and concentrate the sugars. You start with 400 US liquid gallons of
sap and need to boil it down to 10 US liquid gallons for the final product. To avoid scorching the sugar,
the surface of your heating element must not exceed 150oC (the boiling liquid will be at 100oC). Assume
the convective heat transfer coefficient is 200 W/m2K. What should the surface area of the heating
element be if you want to be able to go from the beginning of the boil to the final volume in 5 hours’
time? (Hint: the water leaving the system is turning from a saturated liquid to a saturated vapor. Also
make sure you are using US gallons, not Imperial gallons)