Which of the following statements is true of the postmodernist perspective on deviance?

a. It is centered on the assumption that deviant behavior is innate and cannot be acquired.
b. It posits that a certain amount of deviance is necessary as it contributes to the smooth functioning of society.
c. It is centered on the assumption that deviant behavior is minimized when people have strong bonds that bind them to families, schools, and other social institutions.
d. It posits that social institutions categorize people into "deviant" subgroups and then control them through specific patterns of discipline.