A known barrier to patient safety is staff not speaking up when they are concerned or if they see safety violations. Which of the following is the best approach to help foster a culture that supports speaking up?
1) Putting up posters around the organization that reinforce speaking up as a safety strategy
2) Implementing Just Culture tools
3) Using trends in event reporting to identify staff who don't speak up
4) Using culture of safety data to assist low-performing departments with defining strategies for improvement