comparing a firm's processes and performance to the world's best and/or best practices from other industries. 5 management structure with many layers of management, a high degree of formalization, and job specialization. 2 those functions that the organization can do as well as or better than any other organization. 1 the increase in efficiency of production as the number of goods being produced increases. 7 structure of an organization that is typically depicted on organization charts. 4 those personnel in an organization who have direct job performance responsibilities. 3 the actual time during which a process or event occurs.