Insulin is a hormone that acts as a key regulator of blood glucose level. In some cases of neonatal diabetes, the gene coding for the insulin protein has a nucleotide-pair substitution mutation that alters the protein structure enough to cause it to malfunction. Now that it's possible to sequence an individual's whole genome, doctors can use that DNA sequence information to diagnose diseases and identify new treatments. For example, the insulin gene sequence of a patient with neonatal diabetes can be analyzed to determine if it has a mutation and, if so, its effect. In this exercise, you will determine the effect of mutations present in a portion of diabetes patients' insulin gene sequences. Suppose you are a medical geneticist presented with three infant patients, all of whom have a nucleotide-pair substitution in their insulin gene. It is your job to analyze each mutation to figure out the effect of the mutation on the amino acid sequence of the insulin protein. To identify the mutation in each patient, you will compare his or her individual insulin complementary DNA (CDNA) sequence to that of the wild- type cDNA. (cDNA is a double-stranded DNA molecule that is based on the mRNA sequence and thus contains only the portion of a gene that is translated-introns are not included. cDNA sequences are commonly used to compare the coding regions of genes.) Identifying the codons that have been changed will tell you which, if any, amino acids are altered in the patient's insulin protein. The table below shows part of the wild-type nucleotide sequence of the insulin cDNA (top row) and the wild-type amino acids specified by each codon (second row). The cDNA sequence starts with nucleotide number 103 (as noted in the second column) and ends with nucleotide number 162 (as noted in the last column). The corresponding amino acids 35 to 54 are provided (of the 110 amino acids in the protein). (Note that the start codon, AUG, is not present since this segment of cDNA does not include the beginning of the insulin sequence). The nucleotide sequences of the three patients are shown below the wild-type nucleotide sequence and wild-type amino acid sequence. Compare each patient's cDNA sequence to the wild-type cDNA sequence. Each patient has one nucleotide-pair substitution mutation. At which nucleotide location is the mutation found for each patient?Drag the numbers and letters to fill in the table. Numbers and letters may be used once, more than once, or not at all.